Treatment for zinc poisoning largely involves symptomatic relief and organ function maintenance. Specific treatments may depend on the type of ingestion and the zinc levels found in the body. In cases where swallowed objects contribute to the disorder, the object may be removed. Oral consumption is one of the more common causes of zinc poisoning.

Symptoms frequently associated with zinc poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Victims may complain of numbness and tingling in the arms and legs, exhibit a lack of coordination, or paralysis because of nerve damage. Individuals who have ingested zinc over extended periods of time may also experience anemia and fatigue from bone marrow suppression. Excessive absorption of zinc often produces rapid destruction of red blood cells by the spleen, resulting in a jaundiced appearance.

Individuals suspecting zinc toxicity should seek medical intervention. Patients not experiencing nausea, vomiting, or unconsciousness may consume milk. Medical personnel generally assess the patient’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, and respirations along with blood pressure. Physical and verbal assessments generally reveal the symptoms being experienced, the source of the poisoning, and the duration of consumption.

Blood samples provide blood cell counts, serum electrolyte and zinc levels. Depending on the severity of the toxicity, the physician may also require studies of cardiac, kidney, and liver function. Imaging studies maybe requested if the poisoning has occurred because an object either coated with or containing zinc was swallowed.

Patients with zinc poisoning may experience dehydration and low blood pressure, requiring treatment with intravenous fluids. Zinc generally inhibits copper and iron absorption and may deplete magnesium stores. Patients may require iron and electrolyte replacement. Any zinc remaining in the stomach may be eliminated using gastric lavage, in which a tube is inserted down the throat or a nasal passageway into the stomach.

Fluids are then introduced through the gastric lavage tube, and the stomach contents are suctioned. Solid objects may be allowed to pass normally or removed with polyethylene glycol bowel irrigation or endoscopy. Stomach acid usually dissolves zinc objects, converting the zinc into corrosive zinc chloride. Possible ulceration may require treatment with H2 antagonists or other anti-ulcer medications.

In recent years, individuals have been diagnosed with zinc poisoning related to the use of creams designed to stabilize ill-fitting dentures. Zinc poisoning can also occur after consuming beverages or foods stored in containers galvanized with zinc. Battery or coin ingestion along with over the counter zinc supplements may also be sources of zinc poisoning.