Occupational health hazards refer to the potential risks to health and safety for those who work outside the home. According to the World Health Organization, this represents about 70 percent of adult men and up to 60 percent of adult women throughout the world. In addition, an estimated additional 40 million adults enter the global workforce each year. Of course, the specific occupational health hazards faced by this large and growing number of people depends on the region and its economic standing. However, the following are some of the most common occupational health hazards faced by workers worldwide.

Topping the list of occupational health hazards internationally are structural failures and mechanical accidents. This includes structures vulnerable to adverse weather conditions, moving and/or unprotected parts of machinery, or general equipment failure. These occupational health hazards exist fairly equally in developed and undeveloped countries, regardless of industry.

One of the most common work-related injuries to occur globally is the development of musculoskeletal disorders caused by heavy lifting and performing tasks that require repetitive motions. These occupational health hazards are also responsible for the most incidents of disability claims, whether temporary, long-term, or permanent. Muscle injuries due to physical stress most often occur in occupations such as construction and farming, while repetitive motion injuries are most often sustained in environments related to services that typically involve heavy typing and data entry. Also grouped into this category of occupational health hazards are ergonomically poor working conditions and equipment.

Hearing loss is another hazard encountered by those who work in industries such as construction and manufacturing. In fact, hearing loss ranks with mechanical hazards in terms of being one of the most common occupational health hazards in both developed and developing countries. Typically, hearing loss occurs over time from chronic exposure to noisy machinery without the use of earmuffs design to protecting hearing. Even long-term exposure to vibrations can contribute to hearing loss.

Exposure to chemicals and other biological agents account for one of the most common and most harmful of occupational health hazards that effect several industries. The health risks from these hazards include liver damage, cancer, and reproductive disorders from chronic exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and corrosive substances. Health care workers are at particular risk for contracting diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Others, such as those who work in agriculture, are at increased risk of infections caused by fungi and parasites. Other groups are impacted by a high incidence of skin and respiratory disorders due to exposure to allergens, such as mold, bacteria, and organic dusts.