Alpha lipoic acid, or ALA, is an antioxidant with very few side effects associated with it. The most common side effects of alpha lipoic acid include heart palpitations, reduced thiamine levels, and hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a condition in which a person develops low blood sugar. Women who are nursing or are pregnant should not use alpha lipoic acid supplements, because of the lack of clinical studies on how it could affect a developing fetus.

Diabetics are among the population that may experience alpha lipoic acid side effects when taking ALA supplements. They should only use alpha lipoic acid supplements under medical supervision, and it is important that diabetics who are taking ALA have their blood sugar checked regularly. A hypoglycemic reaction is most common in diabetics, because ALA has been known to lower blood sugar levels. The general population should not be concerned with developing hypoglycemia from ALA.

People who have thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism should avoid taking ALA in large doses. Possible alpha lipoic acid side effects such as heart palpitations can be common in these patients. This is due to the fact that these supplements can interact with the use of thyroid medications like levothyroxine and Synthroid®. While heart palpitations are not usually fatal, they can be unpleasant. Studies show that small doses of alpha lipoic acid are well tolerated by thyroid patients.

The use of alpha lipoic acid can contribute to thiamine deficiency, also known as a vitamin B1 deficiency. A sufficient level of thiamine is required in order for the body to properly use carbohydrates. People deficient in thiamine are at risk for cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal problems. The consumption of large amounts of alcohol while taking ALA supplements is believed to be the main cause for insufficient levels of thiamine in supplement users.

ALA is often referred to as the universal antioxidant because of its soluble properties. Alpha lipoic acid dissolves in both water and fat. This nutrient is produced naturally by the body, so it is considered safe for use by most people. ALA can be found in some vegetables and organ meats. There are no reported alpha lipoic acid side effects from consuming foods containing alpha lipoic acid.

Some doctors recommend a daily dose of ALA for its antioxidant properties. The typical dosage of alpha lipoic acid is 800 mg per day. Anyone considering taking it should consult a physician before adding alpha lipoic acid supplements into the daily diet. If any alpha lipoic acid side effects occur, users should discontinue the use of ALA and seek medical attention.