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What Are the Different Types of Rattlesnakes?

Lumara Lee
Lumara Lee

Rattlesnakes are venomous pit vipers indigenous to North, South, and Central America. All rattlesnakes possess large, triangular heads, jointed rattles on the end of their tails, and pits on their faces that can sense the heat of prey. When threatened, rattlesnakes shake their tails, producing a rattling sound to warn intruders. There are many varieties of rattlesnake, including timber rattlers, diamondbacks, sidewinders, and pygmy rattlers.

The timber rattlesnake, or crotalus horridis, displays a variety of coloration that includes black, brown, yellow, and gray. All timber rattlesnakes are characterized by dark bands on their backs that are often shaped like chevrons. This banding may be subtle on black specimens. Mature timber rattlers attain a length of 50 to 60 inches (127 to 152 centimeters). Also known as canebrakes, these rattlesnakes have a wide range in the United States (U.S.), inhabiting the midwestern, central, and eastern states.

A Northern Pacific rattlesnake.
A Northern Pacific rattlesnake.

There are several varieties of diamondback rattlesnakes, which are named for the diamond-shaped pattern on their backs. Western diamondbacks, or crotalus atrox, are found in Mexico and the southwestern U.S. These snakes are commonly called Texas diamondbacks. Adults have thick bodies and can reach a length of 60 inches (152 centimeters). The western diamondback is responsible for the highest number of venomous snake bites in the country.

Thirteen rattlesnakes species live in Arizona, and ten live in Texas.
Thirteen rattlesnakes species live in Arizona, and ten live in Texas.

Crotalus adamanteus, or the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, inhabits the southeastern United States. It is the largest species of rattlesnake known, and has a broad body that can weigh as much as 10 pounds (4.54 kg) at maturity. The largest specimen ever found was 96 inches (244 centimeters) long, but the average adult is usually 33 to 72 inches (84 to 183 centimeters) in length.

The Western Diamondback rattlesnake is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in North America.
The Western Diamondback rattlesnake is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in North America.

Sidewinders, or crotalus cerastes, are characterized by their unusual method of locomotion. Unlike other rattlesnakes, the sidewinder possesses elevated scales above the eyes that resemble horns. This has earned it the nickname horned rattler. It is small compared to some other rattlesnakes, and the adults reach a length of 15 to 30 inches (38 to 76 centimeters). Sidewinders inhabit the southwestern U.S. and are pale in color, displaying light shades of yellow, tan, cream, and pink.

The western diamondback is responsible for the highest number of venomous snake bites in the U.S.
The western diamondback is responsible for the highest number of venomous snake bites in the U.S.

The sistrurus miliarius, or pygmy rattlesnake, is even smaller, and adults reach a length of 14 to 22 inches (38 to 56 centimeters). Although the pygmy rattler reacts like any other rattlesnake by shaking its tail to buzz a warning when threatened, its rattles are so small that they usually cannot be heard. Pygmy rattlers are found in Georgia and the Carolinas. They can exhibit patterns in gray, red, orange, lavender, and tan.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many types of rattlesnakes are there?

A person who has been bitten by a rattlesnake may go into shock.
A person who has been bitten by a rattlesnake may go into shock.

There are over 30 known species of rattlesnakes, with numerous subspecies, predominantly found in the Americas. According to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), these species are categorized under the genus Crotalus and Sistrurus. Each species has adapted to its environment, varying in size, color, and habitat preferences.

What is the largest species of rattlesnake?

The Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) holds the title for the largest species. It can grow up to 8 feet in length, according to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. This formidable predator is known for its distinctive diamond-shaped pattern and potent venom, making it both respected and feared.

Are there rattlesnakes that live in the desert?

Yes, several rattlesnake species are well-adapted to desert environments. The Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes), for instance, is famous for its unique sideways locomotion and can be found in North American deserts. Its movement helps it navigate sandy terrain and minimize body heat on the hot surface, as reported by the National Park Service.

Can rattlesnakes be found outside of the Americas?

Rattlesnakes are native to the Americas and are not naturally found on other continents. Their range extends from southern Canada to central Argentina, but they are most diverse in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Human-mediated introductions elsewhere are rare and typically do not result in established populations.

What is the most venomous rattlesnake species?

The Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) is often considered the most venomous rattlesnake species due to its potent neurotoxic venom. This venom is more toxic than that of other rattlesnakes and can cause severe symptoms in bite victims. However, the snake's overall danger also depends on factors like venom yield and temperament.

Are there any endangered rattlesnake species?

Some rattlesnake species are indeed facing conservation challenges. For example, the Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus catalinensis) is critically endangered, primarily due to habitat loss and predation by invasive species. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these unique reptiles and their ecosystems, as highlighted by organizations like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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    • A Northern Pacific rattlesnake.
      By: fivespots
      A Northern Pacific rattlesnake.
    • Thirteen rattlesnakes species live in Arizona, and ten live in Texas.
      By: Hamik
      Thirteen rattlesnakes species live in Arizona, and ten live in Texas.
    • The Western Diamondback rattlesnake is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in North America.
      The Western Diamondback rattlesnake is considered to be one of the most dangerous snakes in North America.
    • The western diamondback is responsible for the highest number of venomous snake bites in the U.S.
      By: Remus Moise
      The western diamondback is responsible for the highest number of venomous snake bites in the U.S.
    • A person who has been bitten by a rattlesnake may go into shock.
      By: Syda Productions
      A person who has been bitten by a rattlesnake may go into shock.