What are the Different Types of Cockroaches?

Easily one of the most detested of all insects, the cockroach stems from the Blattodea order and can be broken down into six families with nearly 4,000 different species. Even though there is an extensive list of different kinds of cockroaches existing around the world, only a few varieties actually pose a nuisance to man.

The kinds of cockroaches that are more commonly known and most often invade homes and businesses are the German cockroach, the American cockroach, and the Oriental cockroach. The German cockroach is the prominent pest of homes, restaurants, and other facilities where food is found. They reproduce extremely quickly, and because they are nocturnal, they often go undetected until there is an infestation. This species is very resistant to common pesticides used in household pest control.

Similarly, the American cockroach is also considered an formidable household pest. They are larger than the German species and have wings that enable them to fly. They prefer warmer climates and thus, invade homes for shelter in areas where temperatures are cooler. The American cockroach, sometimes called a waterbug, does not reproduce at the same rate as the German cockroach and is considered easier to eliminate.

Other kinds include Asian, Cuban, Smokybrown, Wood, and Surinam cockroaches. With the exception of the aforementioned well-known pest variety of cockroaches, there are numerous species that avoid human contact all together. They range in size and color with natives of tropical areas being the largest. One of the largest species is the Madagascar hissing cockroach. This variety of hissing cockroach is, for reasons unbeknownst to many, a popular pet.

In the wild, cockroaches serve as a food source for birds, bats, and other small animals. They are omnivorous creatures and will gravitate wherever there are plentiful food supplies. Though infestations in a home or business can pose very real health problems, many people simply find them disagreeable because of their appearance. An infestation in a home or business typically cannot be taken care of without the services of a professional exterminator.

The most prevalent species that invade homes are the German cockroach, American cockroach, and the Brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach is particularly notorious for its rapid reproduction and preference for warm, humid environments like kitchens. The American cockroach, often found in basements and sewers, is the largest of the common species, while the Brown-banded cockroach prefers drier locations and can often be found in living rooms and bedrooms.

Identification can be based on size, color, and habitat. German cockroaches are small and light brown with two dark stripes on their back. American cockroaches are larger, reddish-brown, and have a yellowish figure 8 pattern on the back of their heads. Brown-banded cockroaches are smaller with light brown bands across their wings. Observing these characteristics can help distinguish between species.

While there are over 4,500 species of cockroaches, only about 30 are considered pests, according to entomological studies. The vast majority of cockroach species actually play beneficial roles in their ecosystems, such as breaking down decaying matter. However, the few species that do invade human habitats are considered pests due to their potential to spread disease and cause allergies.

The lifespan of a cockroach varies by species. For instance, the German cockroach has a lifespan of about 6 to 9 months, whereas the larger American cockroach can live for up to 2 years. Their longevity is influenced by factors such as environment, access to food, and predation. Regardless of species, cockroaches are known for their resilience and ability to survive in challenging conditions.

Some cockroach species have wings and are capable of flight, but not all of them are adept fliers. The American cockroach is one of the species that can fly, particularly when temperatures are warm, which helps them to travel in search of food or new habitats. However, the German cockroach, despite having wings, does not typically fly and prefers to run or hitchhike into homes.

Cockroaches can pose significant health risks as they are known carriers of various pathogens, including bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli. Their droppings, saliva, and shed body parts can also trigger allergies and asthma, especially in children. The World Health Organization has highlighted the link between cockroach allergens and respiratory issues, underscoring the importance of managing infestations for public health.