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What Are the Different Types of Bearded Dragon Diseases?

Darlene Zagata
Darlene Zagata

Bearded dragons are sturdy creatures that can live 10 years or longer, but they are susceptible to illness and disease. Common bearded dragon diseases include metabolic bone disease, stomatis, respiratory infection, mites and tail rot. Adenovirus and impaction also are common bearded dragon diseases. Bearded dragons also are susceptible to certain bacterial and fungal ailments that are associated with a warm, damp environment. In most cases, many of the common bearded dragon diseases are preventable and treatable.

Metabolic bone disease, one of the most common bearded dragon diseases, is caused by a deficiency or imbalance of vitamin D3, calcium and phosphorus. A lack of calcium in the dragon's body can be a result of insufficient exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light or consumption of foods that are high in phosphorus and oxalates. The animal's body will try to compensate for the calcium deficiency by drawing it from the bones. The bones then become weak and brittle, resulting in fractures. Symptoms of metabolic bone disease include softening of the lower jaw and lumps along the legs, tail and back.

Bearded dragons are susceptible to many different diseases.
Bearded dragons are susceptible to many different diseases.

Stomatis, also known as mouth rot, is an infection that usually is caused by poor diet and the presence of parasites. Its symptoms include a loss of appetite and a whitish substance coating the soft tissues of the mouth. Left untreated, the condition can lead to bleeding gums and tooth loss.

A respiratory infection is characterized by wheezing, a lack of appetite, difficult breathing, puffing of the throat and mucus excretion in the nose and mouth. Respiratory infections often occur in pet bearded dragons that are kept in poor cage conditions. Prolonged exposure to low temperatures and high humidity also can lead to a respiratory infection.

Stomatis can affect bearded dragons with poor diets or parasite infections.
Stomatis can affect bearded dragons with poor diets or parasite infections.

There are internal parasites that live inside the body and external parasites that live on the body, and both types can wreak havoc on the bearded dragon's health. The presence of parasites might indicate a poor diet. Internal parasites can drain the body of nutrients, resulting in weight loss, diarrhea and a lack of appetite. External parasites such as ticks and mites can transmit disease and weaken the immune system. They also can cause itching and skin irritation.

Bearded dragons can suffer from impaction when they consume indigestible food or material and the digestive tract becomes blocked. The condition is similar to constipation, only worse. In severe cases, it could prove fatal if surgery is not performed to remove the material.

Adenovirus is a viral inflammation of the digestive tract. Its symptoms usually are vague, but a bearded dragon with adenovirus normally exhibit a loss of appetite. Bearded dragons that are one to three months old are more likely to be affected.

Although the mechanics of yellow fungus are still uncertain, it is believed that the condition is caused by a yeast infection that develops after a bearded dragon has been treated with antibiotics. The illness is characterized by yellow fungal patches on the skin. Yellow fungus is fatal if not treated.

Tail rot is characterized by a darkening of the tail, a lack of appetite and lethargy. It is usually caused by injury to the tail. Tail rot also can occur when shedding skin does not come off, because the skin can build up and constrict the flow of blood. A pet owner can prevent this condition simply by removing the shed skin and any items that might cause potential injury.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common diseases that affect bearded dragons?

Bearded dragons are susceptible to several common health issues, including metabolic bone disease (MBD), which results from calcium deficiency or improper UVB lighting. Respiratory infections, often indicated by wheezing or mucus around the nostrils, are also prevalent, particularly in environments with poor ventilation or low temperatures. Parasitic infections, such as coccidiosis, and gastrointestinal issues like impaction are frequent concerns. Additionally, adenovirus infection can cause serious illness, particularly in younger dragons.

How can I tell if my bearded dragon has metabolic bone disease?

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) manifests through symptoms like weakened limbs, tremors, and an underbite due to a lack of calcium or inadequate UVB exposure. Affected bearded dragons may also show difficulty in moving, softening of the jaw (often referred to as "rubber jaw"), and in severe cases, fractures. Early detection and veterinary care are crucial for managing MBD.

What are the signs of a respiratory infection in bearded dragons?

Respiratory infections in bearded dragons can present as labored breathing, wheezing, and excess mucus around the mouth and nostrils. You might also notice your dragon holding its mouth open more often than usual, a behavior known as "gaping," which can indicate an effort to breathe more easily. Lethargy and a lack of appetite can accompany these symptoms. A vet visit is essential if you suspect a respiratory infection.

Can bearded dragons get parasites, and how are they treated?

Yes, bearded dragons can harbor internal parasites like coccidia and pinworms, which can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and lethargy. External parasites, such as mites, can also infest their skin. Treatment involves veterinary-prescribed antiparasitic medications after a fecal examination to identify the specific parasite. Maintaining a clean habitat is crucial in preventing reinfestation.

What should I do if I suspect my bearded dragon has impaction?

If you suspect impaction, which is a blockage in the digestive tract, observe for signs like a swollen belly, constipation, or lethargy. Offer warm baths to help hydration and stimulate bowel movements. Avoid feeding insects with hard exoskeletons and ensure proper substrate to prevent ingestion. Consult a veterinarian promptly, as impaction can be life-threatening and may require medical intervention.

How can I prevent adenovirus in my bearded dragon?

Preventing adenovirus, a contagious and often fatal disease, starts with good hygiene and quarantine practices. Purchase bearded dragons from reputable breeders who can provide health screenings. Regularly disinfect the habitat and wash your hands before and after handling your pet or any items in their environment. Isolate new or sick dragons to prevent the spread of the virus.

Discussion Comments

anon290789

My bearded dragon was treated for parasites and pinworm recently, but about two weeks ago got the all clear from the vet. He still hasn't regained his appetite and is eating very little.

He is absolutely fine other than the loss of appetite. He is bright and active as normal but does tend to favor the cool side of his home, to the point where he is cool to the touch and I have to physically move him to the warm side. Temps are all fine, the reptile carpet is in viv, with a spiral UVB bulb with a ceramic bulb providing heat. Any suggestions?

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    • Bearded dragons are susceptible to many different diseases.
      By: Jacqui Jones
      Bearded dragons are susceptible to many different diseases.
    • Stomatis can affect bearded dragons with poor diets or parasite infections.
      Stomatis can affect bearded dragons with poor diets or parasite infections.