Topical pain relievers, also called topical analgesics, are often used to treat arthritis and sore muscles. There are several varieties of topical pain relievers available over the counter. Many people use topical pain relievers in conjunction with oral analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. Topical pain relievers are available in cream, gel, and oil form as well as infused in pain relieving pads and patches. The benefit of topical pain relievers is the ability to apply them for location-specific joint or muscle pain control.

The three most common forms of topical pain relievers are capsaicin, counter-irritants, and salicylates. Capsaicin is a naturally occurring compound found in hot peppers. It causes burning when it comes into contact with mucus membranes. As a topical pain reliever, capsaicin works by blocking the pain receptors that send signals to the brain. It is sold over the counter under brand names such as Capsazin-P® and Zostrix®.

Salicylates are naturally occurring chemicals found in plants and are similar to salicylic acid, which is manufactured to produce aspirin. Used in topical pain relievers, salicylates decrease pain by reducing inflammation. Salicylates comprise some of the most popular topical pain name brand pain relievers including Aspercreme®, BenGay®, and Flexall®.

Counter-Irritants are substances that relieve pain by distracting the body’s transmission of pain signals through the introduction of either a cooling or burning sensation. Camphor, eucalyptus oil, and menthol are examples of counter-irritants. Used in topical pain relievers sold under the name brands of Icy Hot® and ArthriCare®, counter-irritants are usually safe to use in conjunction with oral pain relievers and are often used to treat sprains, strains, and sore muscles.

Though many topical pain relievers are sold over-the-counter, patients should read the interaction and warning labels of any product before use. Check with your doctor if you are unsure which topical pain reliever is best for your condition. Using topical pain relievers for an extended period of time to treat chronic conditions such as arthritis should be done only under a doctor’s advice.