Carotenoids are chemicals with nutritive properties that exist in the pigment that colors plants and animals. As a fat-soluble material, carotenoids are ingested by humans in countless colorful fruits and vegetables. They are important as antioxidants, as well as in their capacity to get converted to essential vitamins.

When acting as antioxidants, carotenoids have been shown to reduce the damage caused by other molecules called free radicals. A generous amount of carotenoids may prevent cell, tissue, and genetic damage. This means they might increase a person's immunity to infection, reduce risk of cancer, and protect against heart disease.

Different carotenoids are related to their manifest colors. In two general categories, carotenes are present in yellow vegetables, while xanthophylls are in green ones. Beta-carotene, an essential nutrient that our body converts to Vitamin A, is present in orange carrots, sweet potatoes, and squash. Lutein exists in both dark green kale and broccoli and yellow egg yolk and bell peppers. Red tomatoes, apricots, grapefruit, watermelon, and papaya contain lycopene. It's important for us to digest carotenoids in fresh fruits and vegetables, as part of a healthy diet, rather than in vitamin supplements, because they are easier for our body to use.

Although research is still preliminary, some carotenoids have been connected to certain health benefits, with beta-carotene at the top of the list. It has many potential benefits, such as preventing hardening of the arteries associated with heart attack. Beta-carotene also preserves the health of our mucous membranes and lining of the lungs as our first defense against infection. However, excessive amounts may bring a higher risk of osteoporosis or lung cancer (for smokers).

Carotenoids may help serious infections in those with compromised immunity by boosting their white blood cell count. Lycopene has been associated with a reduced incidence of prostate, colon, bladder, and lung cancer. Zeaxanthin and lutein may strengthen our eyes, protecting against cataracts and macular degeneration. Even though not all of these connections have been clearly established, it is advised that you eat the recommended amount of fruit and vegetable servings to get the full benefits of carotenoids.