What are Almonds?

food cooking

Although many of us would consider almonds to be nuts, scientifically speaking they are closer to peach pits. Almonds are actually the fruits of deciduous (meaning that the leaves fall off every year) trees originally found in Asia and North Africa. Instead of growing a sweet fleshy pulp around the seed, almonds develop a leathery coating. Beneath this shell lies a hardened pit with a dark skin, much like a pit from a freestone peach.

Almonds come in two varieties, sweet and bitter. Sweet almonds are used in many Asian dishes, as well as dessert pastes and garnishes. A popular use for crushed sweet almonds is a European candy base called marzipan. The almonds are mixed with glucose (a sugar substitute that can be derived from almonds) and water to form a thick but pliable paste. Marzipan can be molded into cookies or other identifiable shapes by skilled dessert makers.

Sweet almonds can also be processed into essential oils or extracts. Almond extract is commonly used as an alternative to vanilla extract in diabetic-safe recipes. Sweet almonds are often roasted and turned into slivers or chunks for texture in ice creams or puddings.

The bitter form of almonds is also used in cooking, but it must first be processed in the raw stage. Bitter almonds contain a toxic amount of prussic acid, which can be further refined into a poison called cyanide. Consuming a handful of unprocessed, raw bitter almonds can lead to death from this poison. Consequently, the prussic acid must be leached out of the bitter almonds before they can be used by humans as food.

The designation 'bitter almonds' does not necessarily mean a disagreeable bitterness. Extracts from bitter almonds are used to flavor a very flavorful liqueur called amaretto. The slight bitterness is a distinctive characteristic of amaretto, which is often mixed with orange juice or other sweet mixer to balance it out. Bitter almonds are also processed into slivers and whole pieces for salads and casseroles.

Almond trees can be found in Asia, Europe, North America and Africa. In the United States, virtually all almonds for commercial sale are produced in California. Grocery stores may carry raw almonds for cooking, roasted almonds for snacking, ground almonds for pastes and chopped almonds for garnishes and salads. Almonds are very high in the good form of cholesterol, and are often treated with hickory-smoked salts or other savory flavors.

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22
anon62678, I appreciate your comment, but I was referring to the bitter almonds. I am not talking about US sold almonds, which are not technically raw.

DocRock, I have "heard" of numerous accounts where people will eat the raw "bitter" almonds their whole life without any issues. Are you saying that this is not possible?

Also, are imported almonds from Brazil (the ones that Trader Joe's sells) poisonous? Since they are not actually processed, then the supposed cyanide would still be present, right?

Two more things: first, it was my understanding that the cyanide was only poisonous if mixed with another chemical and thus bitter almonds would not harm humans.

Second, do the pasteurized (at 115 degrees) almonds have any significant nutritional value that comes close to that of purely raw almonds? If so, then I would have no problem eating pasteurized almonds; however, I have heard that truly raw almonds are much more healthy - to the point of preventing most cancers.

- Tchay
21
Ok guys, let an MD answer this.

It is true that if you eat too many truly raw bitter almonds, you will get cyanide poisoning. But...

If you live in the United States of America, then you are not eating truly raw almonds. Starting in 2007, all almonds in the USA, Canada, and Mexico are required to be pasteurized by law. This even applies to "organic" products.

So, if you live in the good ol' US of A, eat as many as you want.

- DocRock
20
Tchay - You probably shouldn't let yourself get so upset over almonds, first of all. But more importantly, I think you might have misread the article.

It said one type of almond (bitter, unprocessed almonds -- not the sweet version that you typically buy at your local store) can contain toxic amounts of whatever. I don't think you can make the logical jump from that to eating almonds will kill you.

Best, Sara - a grateful follower of Internet publications since it helps spread information that some people otherwise wouldn't have been able to attain! :)

- anon62678
19
Sites like this make me so mad. Not only are they making a controversial claim without any scientific evidence to back it up, they happen to be wrong.

Viewers, do not lose hope after reading this load of horse crap.

Are truly raw almonds safe to eat??

Ask these four people: a doctor, a chemist, a botanist, a person who has been eating truly raw almonds their whole life.

Ask those four individuals (and then some) and you will have your answer. And I mean actually, physically talk to them. Cyberspace is not the place for truth - which is why I am not making a definite claim about truly raw almonds.

Now, if you will excuse me, I am going to shove a handful of raw poisonous almonds down my throat.

- Tchay
16
Almost every time that I eat a peach or a nectarine, I get the pit, crack it with a hammer and eat the almond inside it. It's a bit bitter but I like it and it is not poisonous, at least I am still alive.

What happens is that the seed has two main compounds: the cyanide and the benzaldehide, both poisonous, but the combination of both makes it perfectly OK, just like salt. Sodium and chloride, each one of them is a poison, but in combination are not poisonous.

Disclaimer: if you eat them, ask your doctor. I am not recommending anything.

Continue with the information: "The Hunza Tribe" in Asia eat this bitter almond of the peaches and apricot all the time, they claim to live an average of 160 years and they do not get cancer, which cannot coexist if you eat this seed on regular basis.

The women from the Hunza tribe get the apricot seed and they make an oil to apply in their skin and women at age 80 look like in their 20's. Again I am not advocating the use of this. If you want to try it research it further on your own and ask your doctor (this is further disclaiming in this suit country).

One thing I would appreciate if someone could tell me where to buy these bitter almonds, specially the organic type. Trader Joe's used to sell them now they don't have them any more.

- masarati
15
i want to eat to raw, bitter almonds. Is it ok? please confirm.
- anon52046
14
Hello, could anybody tell me where to buy "poor man's almond"? is the "almond that is inside the pit of peaches and apricots. Traders Joesd use to sell them, but they discontinued. It has substances that fight cancer.

I would appreciate your help, since I want to buy it for the mother of a friend that has advanced stage cancer.

- masarati
10
I was eating a peach last night and the pit opened and the seed inside looked and tasted very much like an almond. But I didn't eat the whole thing because I was worried it might be poisonous.
- anon46738
9
I discovered by accident that the pit of a nectarine has a nut also, it tastes like almond, which brought me to this site to read up....
- anon36884
8
Family: I doubt they would be edible. XP
- anon17545
7
Since almonds and peaches belong to the same family they can pollinate each other if growing in the close proximity. Almonds will produce much better if pollen is available from another tree.
- minombre
5
apricot pits are bitter almonds.
- anon11160
4
apricot pits are often used as a substitute for bitter almonds. gmza
- anon6399
3
I've heard that the Chinese translation of almond is xing ren, which means apricot pit. I don't think that is true, but the the chinese friend who told me insists that it is true. Is it?
- anon1628
2
There was mention that almonds are much like the inside of a peach pit...is the almond looking portion on the inside of a peach edible?
- can2family
1
I think you mean they are high in good fats, ie monounsaturated. Plants do not contain cholesterol, only animal products do. Plants however do contain compounds that can effect cholesterol. Almonds are also quite nutritrous despire being calorie dense.
- anon232

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Written by Michael Pollick
Last Modified: 28 January 2010

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