How do I Go About Cleaning Oil Paintings?

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Any advice about cleaning an oil painting that's covered in dust or yellowed varnish must come with a major disclaimer. More than other kinds of do-it-yourself projects, cleaning oil paintings should really be trusted to expert conservators. Furthermore, altering true antiques almost always decreases their value, whether or not they look better to you. However, if your painting is not that old, not terribly valuable, or not too important, there are a few possible ways to make it look brighter and cleaner yourself.

Before the 1940s, paintings of oil on canvas were frequently covered with a layer of varnish to add sheen and protect the thick layer of paint, called the impasto. Yet varnish reacts differently to the environment than does paint, so these varnish seals end up cracking, yellowing, or gumming up over time. It can make the original hue of the oil paints look dull or discolored.

If it seems that your painting is older, assess whether the paint is in good shape but the varnish has aged. In this case, try applying a mild solvent called a conservation liquid. Art supply stores might sell an "emulsion" designed to clean and remove varnish. There is always a chance that the solvent will also damage or remove the oil paint. If you are willing to risk this possibility, dab the emulsion with a cotton swab very delicately. Try spot-testing one corner before moving on to the entire canvas. Work in an area with adequate ventilation.

For recent paintings, your problem is more likely a build-up of dust, smoke, pet hair, dander, and even bacterial or fungal growth. In this case, make sure none of the paint is ready to come off the canvas or board, meaning that it doesn't exhibit any cracks or flakes. Then you can carefully dust the surface with a very soft, dry bristle brush, such as a baby toothbrush or shaving cream brush.

When the surface is sticky, grimy, or oily, you may want to take the cleaning a step further and actually use a mild detergent solution. Again, generally speaking, oil and water should never mix, as moisture can damage both the canvas and the impasto. Proceeding with caution, use brand new cotton cloths dipped in a mixture of dish soap and warm water. Lightly blot the surface, but don't scrub, wipe, or rub at the painting. At no point should you submerge any part of the painting, nor allow so much moisture that it drips or pools.

For the experimental types, people have come up with some unorthodox methods of getting dirt off an oil painting. White bread seems to work. Ball up soft, sticky, doughy white bread and gently rub it against the canvas. You'll see it blacken like a pencil eraser. Brush off the crumbs. You also might try a low-suction vacuum with a brush nozzle. This should remove pet hair and dust balls in a deeply textured painting.

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Discuss this Article

I restore things for people regularly.

The guiding rule is *value* of the item:

1. if it is at all of value, look up a specialist and let them do it - you will be so glad you did! Get a guarantee that if, a few months later, damage from the restorative shows up, that your specialist will do it over or fix it.

Also *insure* -that way, if something happens you'll be covered.

2. if, however, the painting is one you paid 5 dollars for at a tag sale, and can afford to throw away, should restoration not work, then you can have fun trying a number of things to clean it.

It's all about studying the thing carefully and using your commonsense about cleaning.

*always less, not more*...

if a plain dry soft brush or cloth will do it, then do not use solvents of any kind, or get into complex cleaning procedures. You'd be surprised at what a plain buffing can achieve.

*test* - if you are not in a hurry - test your idea for cleaning in a small, inconspicuous area of the painting, and put it to one side, and wait to see if the cleaning method causes damage after a month or so. *Because*: Some restorations will look OK at first, but then later, show discoloration, buckling or cracking or gumming up.

*My story*: I have done this many times, with no problems afterward at all - a client likes covering the walls of one part of his business place with his tagsale art "finds", and several of them were large, very musty, dusty and filthy - I told him what I wanted to do and that it would either "make it, or break it" and yet, he thought it fine, since he paid almost nothing for the paintings, and was prepared to throw them away or salvage the frame and "Pitch the pitcher"... if my method was not successful.

*After study* of each of the paintings, at every point, I took each piece of the art outdoors, on a nice day, but *not* in direct sunlight.

Next was cleaning dry soft brush to remove large cobwebs, dust balls, and other identified matter.

Then, with a basin of the mild detergent and water and soft large brushes, *on all sides*, and garden hosed it gently till perfectly free of the cleaning solution.

I even used a tiny bit of clorox on one that was too musty to bear.

Keyword for this 'soap and water' approach - *quick*. Work fast and gently but firmly - courage!

Then the art must drip and almost dry, outdoors, out of the sunlight but in the breeze, and then I brought it indoors to complete the drying, carefully dabbing and soft-brushing it as needed, and smoothing it with my clean hand, like a "hand-press" iron or massage. This 'hand press will even restore an elegant sheen, where you want it.

The paintings were good enough when done to hang proudly, with only a careful spritz of clear acrylic on the frames (covered the art part to be sure the acrylic would not get on the art) to give a show-worthy look to them.

And fresh hanging hardware, of course!

*Experience, preparation, study, test* and *common sense* are key words - if you feel you may have the knack for such tasks, *don't* attempt any of it, if you are unsure - till you *think*, talk with friends who are into it, study online about the specifics of your project.

*And if the art has value at all, do not do it yourself. Give it to an expert.*

- anon34413
for the musty smell: try sealing the painting in a plastic bag along with a sheet of Bounce.
- anon34403
I have some oil paintings that were in an old house and have a very musty smell. The paintings are clean. They are not expensive but have sentimental value. Is there any way to get rid of the smell so that they can be displayed in my home?
- judybran
Hi, I have a painting (I think it's oil) and the artist covered it at some stage with black paint to reuse the canvas (but never did, and it was covered in black paint). Someone has removed part of the black to expose a rather beautiful painting underneath, but unfortunately I don't know what they used. The black paint scrapes off with a fingernail or light file, but it is very uneven and I wondered if there was a gentle solvent or something I could use to reveal the underneath artwork. It's not an especially valuable piece but the artist was of some renown in NZ and passed away years ago, so it's quite special to me. Any suggestions would be gratefully accepted!

Thanks.

- maniototo
Dear Sir

I have done some paintings on canvas (Oil Colour) 6-7 years back, still some of the area wherever I used white colour is little sticky, I feel like it is not dried properly. How can I dry or remove the stickiness.

Please I need your help. Your sincerely, akbar

- anon13063
how do i get water streaks off our oil paintings. thanking you in advance
- anon6808
Oil paintings were cleaned in my country succsessfully of dirt with onion or potato cut in half and rubbed over the painting without damaging the color.
- anon6154
We have oil paintings from italy which were purchased in 1969. My dear husband decided they needed a good scrubbing so he used clear water and a wash cloth, which needless to say you can see where he wiped them. Is there anything that we can do to correct this?

thank you

js

- anon6130
I have an oil painting my father bought my mother in 1968. It has hung in a home with heavy smokers since then. the colors have become dull. It also got wet during a hurricane when the windows were blown out. Can it be restored?
- packrat
JK,

If you have a steady hand, try using a sharp scalpel blade to open an edge between the painting and the emulsion blob. Then use your fingernail or a toothpick to prise the blob away. Oil and water paints will stick together but the bond is weak, so the emulsion may well peel away when you get underneath it.

- anon5018
I have an old oil painting from prior to the Napier earthquake in New Zealand. I would like to clean it. I would appreciate it if some one could advise me.

Thanks

- ceilidh71
I have an oil painting (approx 20 years old) which has, in some areas, been painted with very thick layers. A small 'blob' (5mm x 5mm )of white emulsion paint has, unfortunately, fallen onto a dark red area of this painting. How do I get rid of it please?

JK

- anon3833

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