A cataract is an opacity which forms on the lens of the eye, initially making vision blurry or clouded. If left untreated, cataracts will cause blindness; in fact, the leading cause of blindness in the world is cataracts. Cataract blindness can set in slowly, which is why it is important to get regular eye examinations to ensure that your eyes are healthy. Fortunately, cataract blindness can be treated, especially if it is caught early, and the surgery for cataract blindness has a good success rate.

The cause of cataract blindness is not known. Many elderly people suffer from cataracts, suggesting that they may be part of the aging process. Cataract blindness has also been linked with diseases such as diabetes, exposure to radiation, trauma to an eye, or optical surgery to correct other conditions. The mechanism through which cataract blindness forms, however, is fully understood, leading to an ability to treat it.

While some people think of a cataract as a growth on the eye, it actually forms inside the eye. Cataracts happen when proteins in the lens of the eye start to coagulate, forming a dense white layer of opaque material. Initially, a patient may not be aware that he or she has cataracts, and may attribute the decline in visibility to a need for new glasses. The only way to correct cataract blindness is to surgically remove the cataracts.

There are three primary types of cataract blindness. The most common type of cataract blindness starts with a nuclear cataract, which forms in the nucleus of the eye. Patients frequently notice this type of cataract early on, since the nucleus is in the center of the eye. Cortical cataracts form along the edges of the eye, and move in towards the center. A loss of peripheral vision is a symptom of this type of cataract blindness. Finally, a subcapsular cataract forms in the back of the lens.

Surgery on the eyes can be an intimidating and scary prospect, but cataract blindness is also frightening. If you are diagnosed with cataracts, surgery may not be recommended immediately. Many optical doctors use corrective lenses to improve your vision first, although they may ultimately recommend surgery. Talk to your doctor about your options, and consider them carefully.

There are some steps which may reduce the likelihood of cataract blindness. Some doctors believe that ultraviolet radiation is harmful to the eye, so protect your eyes with sunglasses and visors. Eating a diet high in healthy vitamins and minerals may also help. Ultimately, however, cataracts may form despite your best efforts.