Do Birds Ever Become Intoxicated?

From the Yukon to Minnesota, Bohemian waxwings are developing a reputation for getting buzzed. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter berries are always a favorite among birds that don’t migrate south, and most usually know when to stop. But in separate recent examples -- in the Yukon in 2014, and in Gilbert, Minnesota, in 2018 -- there have been reports of waxwings bingeing on fermented berries and then flying erratically, sometimes coming into contact with buildings. In the Yukon, the Canadian territory’s Animal Health Unit even set up a so-called "drunk tank," putting woozy waxwings into hamster cages until they sober up, in order to prevent them from injuring themselves.

One more for the flight:

• Alcohol forms in berries when frost triggers a fermentation process. “Most birds likely just get a bit tipsy,” explained Yukon wildlife expert Meghan Larivee. “However, every now and then, some birds just overdo it.”
• The relatively large livers of waxwings and other species that need berries to get through the winter are thought to help the birds handle their alcohol intake. Young birds, though, may be more vulnerable.
• Some have suggested that climate change is making things worse. Early freezes in the fall, followed by thawing, make it possible for yeast to form and speed up the fermentation process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can birds really get intoxicated?

Yes, birds can indeed become intoxicated, typically by ingesting naturally fermented fruits or berries. The ethanol produced during fermentation can affect birds similarly to how it affects humans, leading to impaired coordination and disorientation. Such occurrences are more common than one might expect, especially during the late summer and fall when fruits ripen and ferment.

What are the signs of intoxication in birds?

Intoxicated birds may exhibit unusual behaviors such as stumbling, falling over, or an inability to fly properly. They might also appear disoriented or lethargic. In some cases, birds may vocalize excessively or seem less wary of predators. These symptoms are temporary, and most birds recover with time and rest.

Are certain bird species more prone to intoxication?

While many bird species can become intoxicated, those that have a fruit-based diet, such as waxwings and robins, are more susceptible. These birds often consume large quantities of berries and can inadvertently ingest fermented ones. According to studies, Cedar Waxwings are particularly prone due to their fruit-heavy diets.

What should I do if I find an intoxicated bird?

If you find a bird that appears intoxicated, it's best to place it in a safe, quiet, and dark space to recover, away from predators. A cardboard box with ventilation holes and lined with a towel is ideal. After a few hours, the bird will typically recover and can be released outside.

Can intoxication be harmful to birds?

While most birds recover from intoxication without long-term effects, there are risks involved. Intoxicated birds are more vulnerable to predators, may suffer from hypothermia, or could experience trauma from collisions with stationary objects. In rare cases, consuming highly fermented fruits can lead to fatal alcohol poisoning.

Is there any way to prevent birds from becoming intoxicated?

Preventing bird intoxication can be challenging, but you can help by removing fallen and fermented fruits from your yard. Additionally, providing a source of fresh water may encourage birds to drink that instead of turning to potentially fermented fruits. Conservationists also suggest planting a variety of plants that fruit at different times to reduce the risk.