Are Great Apes Still Being Discovered?

For the first time in almost a century, scientists have identified an entirely new species of great ape. The new orangutan species, called Pongo tapanuliensis, consists of about 800 individuals living in the Batang Toru forest of Indonesia. Already considered endangered, the Tapanuli orangutan joins a cast of seven other great ape species -- Sumatran orangutans, Bornean orangutans, eastern gorillas, western gorillas, common chimpanzees, bonobos -- and humans, of course.

Endangered by human contact:

• Researchers used the genomes of 37 orangutans to reconstruct the animals' evolutionary history through genetic code. Their work appeared in the journal Current Biology.
• The Tapanuli orangutans of Batang Toru are threatened by illegal road construction, conflicts with humans over crops, and the illegal animal trade.
• The proposed development of a hydroelectric dam in Sumatra could impact a portion of the Batang Toru population, researchers said.

Frequently Asked Questions

Have there been any recent discoveries of new great ape species?

Yes, there have been recent discoveries. For instance, the Tapanuli orangutan was identified as a distinct species in 2017. This discovery in Sumatra, Indonesia, was significant because it marked the first identification of a new great ape species in nearly a century, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts in biodiversity hotspots.

How do scientists determine if they've found a new great ape species?

Scientists use a combination of genetic analysis, morphological studies, and behavioral observations to determine if a population of great apes is a new species. Genetic analysis can reveal significant differences in DNA, while physical and behavioral traits offer additional evidence of speciation. These comprehensive studies are crucial for accurate classification.

What is the significance of discovering new great ape species?

Discovering new great ape species has profound implications for conservation and our understanding of human evolution. Each new species adds to the biodiversity of the planet and provides insights into the evolutionary history shared with our closest relatives. It also underscores the need to protect these species from threats like habitat loss and poaching.

Where are new great ape species likely to be discovered?

New great ape species are most likely to be discovered in remote, dense tropical forests where human presence is minimal. Regions like the Congo Basin and certain parts of Southeast Asia, which are known for their rich biodiversity and relatively unexplored habitats, are prime locations for potential discoveries of undocumented great ape populations.

What challenges do researchers face in discovering new great ape species?

Researchers face numerous challenges, including difficult terrain, political instability, and limited funding. Dense forests and mountainous regions can be nearly inaccessible, making fieldwork arduous. Additionally, civil unrest in some regions can hinder research efforts. Securing adequate funding for long-term studies is also a significant obstacle.

How does the discovery of new great ape species impact conservation efforts?

The discovery of new great ape species often leads to increased conservation efforts. Such findings highlight the critical need to protect the newly identified species' habitats and can galvanize international support and funding. Conservation strategies may include creating protected areas, enforcing anti-poaching laws, and engaging local communities in conservation initiatives.